We conducted an analysis of the determinants of early neonatal mortality in Nigeria using the most recent Nigeria DHS, the 2014 Nigeria DHS. (5) Causal effects could not be measured because the study was based on a retrospective cross-sectional study. The survey was conducted by the National Population Commission in conjunction with the ICF Macro, Calverton, MD, USA, in 36 states and the federal capital territory [7]. In Nigeria, as in many developing countries, the majority of well-equipped hospitals and health centers are typically located in urban areas. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. An example of this situation is in the 1999 NDHS, where approximately 58% of neonates were delivered at home [12], and this number rose to 66% in the 2003 NDHS [13], and was 62% in the 2008 NDHS [7]. 2009, 4 (1): 46-48. Additionally, a cross-sectional study performed in Bangladesh in 2009 reported a lower relative risk for female neonates compared with male neonates [24]. Part of Part of 1999, Calverton, Maryland, USA: ORC Macro, 99-109. Correspondence to The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Health Policy. CONTEXTUAL DETERMINANTS OF INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY IN NIGERIA By Sunday Adepoju ADEDINI (560454) A Doctoral Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of PhD in Demography and Population Studies September 2013 The NMR for neonates born to mothers in poor households was higher than that in mothers in middle-class households (NMR: 39.3 vs 35.6). Anyamele OD. DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF THE VARIATIONS IN INFANT MORTALITY IN NIGERIA CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION The fourth goal and one of the most important issues in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is to reduce infant and child mortality by two thirds from 1990 2015, (UNICEF, 2006).Infant mortality rate (IMR) is one of the most … Department of Social Sciences, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria Email: meroyem2017@gmail.com ABSTRACT The paper examines the determinants of health investment in Nigeria: A case of infant mortality, with the aim of determining the impact of government expenditure, maternal education, and poverty on infant mortality in Nigeria. Neonatal (NMR), infant (IMR) and under-five (U5M) mortality rates remain high in Nigeria. However, this measure is not an unreasonable proxy for birth weight because a previous study showed a correlation between perception of birth weight and actual birth weight [21]. The range of assets considered were a television, radio, and fridge, and ownership of a car, bicycle, and motorcycle. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Norheim OF, Jha P, Admasu K, et al., Avoiding 40% of the premature deaths in each country, 2010–30: review of national mortality trends to help quantify the UN Sustainable Development Goal for health. Previous studies on neonatal mortality in Nigeria have indicated that low birth weight, lack of antenatal care, maternal illness, mother’s age, prematurity, and birth asphyxia are linked with neonatal mortality, but these studies were all hospital-based case–control and experimental studies [ … 10.1179/027249304225019082. 2011, 14: 276-279. Meegama SA: Socio-economic determinants of infant and child mortality in Sri Lanka: an analysis of post-war experience. The social determinants of infant mortality and birth outcomes in western developed nations: a cross-country systematic review. 10.2307/2094510. Article A total of 34,596 eligible women aged between 15 and 49 years were interviewed, yielding a response rate of 96.5%. Ezechi OC, Loto OM, Ndububa VI, Okogbo FO, Ezeobi PM, Nwokoro CA: Caesarean section and perinatal mortality in South Western Nigeria. El AI, Abed Y, Majdi A. Determinants and risk factors of neonatal mortality in the Gaza strip, occupied Palestinian territory: a case-control study. Reports from Nigeria, sub-Saharan Africa and the world at large have revealed that mortality experiences ranging from neonatal mortality, infant and child mortality to maternal mortality are still high [2,3,4]. The converse was however true for age at first birth which was also statistically significant. PubMed The 2008 NDHS men’s questionnaire was the same as the women’s questionnaire, but did not contain a detailed reproductive history, maternal and child health, or nutrition. (4) The Demographic and Health Surveys are the largest source of national data, but they are expensive and time consuming, and in Nigeria, this survey is usually conducted once in every 5 years. 8(9), pp. Studies assert that mothers’ education helps in teaching quality health practices and improving health behaviour such as feeding habits and child care. This has been identified as the leading cause or determinant of death among women of reproductive age in Nigeria (Idris, 2010). neonatal survival series paper 1. This study measures socioeconomic inequalities in infant mortality at the national and regional level in Nigeria based on secondary data from the 2003, 2008 and 2013 Nigeria … The 2008 NDHS was a stratified two-stage cluster design. For the geographical region of male partners in the ZINB model, the risk of mortality among children increased by 12.5% in North East (IRR = 1.125; 95% CI: 0.958–1.322; p = 0.152), 35.8% in North West (IRR = 1.358; 95% CI: 1.156–1.597; p < 0.001) and 24% in South South (IRR = 1.240; 95% CI: 0.993–1.548; p = 0.057) when compared to North Central. Risk factors of infant and child mortality in rural Burkina Faso. Similar results were obtained for the fathers with reduction in the incidence-rate ratio (3.3%, 20.2% and 28.7%) for middle, richer and richest economic status respectively compared to the poorest status [30, 31]. Childhood mortality was significantly lower in middle, richer and richest (11.1%, 37.5% and 49%) economic status respectively when compared to the risk of childhood mortality with female spouse who are poorest. The current study showed that neonates born to mothers residing in rural areas had a higher risk of neonatal mortality compared with those living in urban areas. To achieve the objectives of the study, infant mortality rate (measure of child health outcome) was regressed on government health expenditure, real GDP, inflation, population growth rate and population density in Nigeria. Our study suggests that the Nigerian government needs to invest more in the healthcare system to ensure quality care for women and newborns. Global Public Health: Vol. Bull World Health Organ. However, approval for this study was not needed since the data is secondary. As shown in Table 3, there was a significantly higher risk of neonatal death for fourth or higher birth order neonates with a short birth interval ≤ 2 years (HR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.68–2.84, p < 0.001), second or third birth order neonates with a short birth interval ≤2 years (HR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.31–2.34, p < 0.001), and fourth or higher birth order with a longer birth interval > 2 years (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.05–1.78, p = 0.022) compared with second or third birth order neonates with a longer birth interval > 2 years. 2005, 192: 342-349. Available: www.nassnig.org/document/download/1347. The objective of this study is to assess sociodemographic and other determinants of neonatal mortality in Wesley Guild Hospital (WGH), Ilesa, Nigeria. Our study focused on the total number of children lost by male partners and female partners respectively who were married. Google Scholar. @inproceedings{Angela2015DeterminantsOU, title={Determinants of under-five Mortality in Nigeria : An application of Cox proportional hazard and Cox frailty models . Int J MCH Aids. Introduction: Despite efforts toward the prevention and management of diarrhoea, associated mortality among infants has remained high in Northern Nigeria. In addition, more women than men were reported as having no formal educational qualifications. Pediatr Neonatol. Thereafter, a systematic sampling with equal probability was used in the second stage in selecting the specified number of households in each cluster for interview [7]. 2 Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of … For the geographical zones/regions in the ZINB model, the risk of mortality among children increased by 21.5% in North East (IRR = 1.215; 95% CI: 1.012–1.460; p < 0.001), 38.3% in North West (IRR = 1.383; 95% CI: 1.161–1.647; p < 0.001), 76% in South East (IRR = 1.760; 95% CI: 1.405–2.205; p < 0.001), 34.1% in South South (IRR = 1.341; 95% CI: 1.086–1.657; p < 0.001), and 36.4% in South West (IRR = 1.364; 95% CI: 1.117–1.667; p < 0.001) compared to the risk of mortality among children in the North Central. 2015;31(9):897–903. 2016;28(7):611–9. The current infant mortality rate for Nigeria in 2021 is 57.701 deaths per 1000 live births, a 2.5% decline from 2020.; The infant mortality rate for Nigeria in 2020 was 59.181 deaths per 1000 live births, a 2.44% decline from 2019. An analysis of the 2007 bangladesh demographic and health survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Felisbino-Mendes MS, Moreira AD, Velasquez-Melendez G. Association between maternal nutritional extremes and offspring mortality: a population-based cross-sectional study, Brazil, demographic health survey 2006. This is also supported by a recent study on caesarean section and perinatal mortality in South Western, Nigeria, which found that nearly 84% of early neonatal deaths occurred in pregnant mothers who delivered their newborns by emergency caesarean section [34]. Results of ZINB were reported in terms of IRR and 95% confidence interval (CI). An under-five childhood mortality rates in Nigeria is still high, despite efforts of government at all levels to combat the menace. One of the stated goals is the Good Health and Well-being (SDG3). In each of the selected clusters, a complete listing of households was obtained. Duah Dwomoh, Susan Amuasi, Kofi Agyabeng, Gabriel Incoom, Yakubu Alhassan, Alfred Edwin Yawson, Understanding the determinants of infant and under-five mortality rates: a multivariate decomposition analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys in Ghana, 2003, 2008 and 2014, BMJ Global Health, 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001658, 4, 4, (e001658), (2019). CONCLUSIONS: The mortality rate in infants with NNT remains signifi cantly high in Nigeria. 2009, 26 (1): 31-39. 2012;1:S25–6. The study outcome variable was the total number of children lost by male partners and female partners respectively who were married. Aremu O, Lawoko S, Dalal K. Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage, individual wealth status and patterns of delivery of care utilization in Nigeria: a multilevel discrete choice analysis. The data were collected for the NDHS 2008 [7]. Terms and Conditions, 2009;26(1):31–9. As a result, our study used the Moseley [15] conceptual framework as the basis for identifying important risk factors for neonatal mortality in Nigeria. The 39 and 40 neonatal deaths per 1000 live births reported by the UN and NDHS, respectively, can be interpreted as approximately one in every 25 neonates born in Nigeria died in the first month of life. The findings suggest that age, region, residence, education, wealth index, age at first birth and religion of fathers and mothers are prominent factors associated with childhood mortality. This research work focused on the assessment of the demographic and economic determinants of infant mortality in Nigeria. Google Scholar. A structured questionnaire was used for interviewing the selected households for the 2008 NDHS. Özaltin E, Hill K, Subramanian SV. Data were analysed using STATA Software version 12.0. The study reported that for every unit increase in the ages of male and female partners, the risk of childhood mortality increases and this is similar to the findings of Adetoro & Amoo [26]. (2017). The survey was done across the entire population. 1995, 98 (3): 155-160. Population Health Metrics. The risk of childhood mortality was significantly lower in middle, richer and richest (11.1%, 37.5 and 49%) economic quintiles respectively when compared to the risk of childhood mortality with female spouse who are poorest. Afr J Reprod Health. Results The study revealed an under-five mortality rate of 96 deaths per 1000 live births in Benin. 2011, XX (X): 1-12. Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression analysis was carried out to determine the factors associated with childhood mortality. Demography. California Privacy Statement, This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and identify the causes and factors associated with stillbirth in eight referral hospitals in Nigeria. These variables could potentially be determinants of neonatal mortality in Nigeria. For the educational level of male partners in the ZINB model, the risk of mortality among children reduced by 3.8% in Secondary (IRR = 0.962; 95% CI: 0.855–1.083; p = 0.520) and 12.1% in Tertiary (IRR = 0.879; 95% CI: 0.747–1.034; p = 0.119) levels compared to no formal education. For every unit increase in the age (years) of female partners at 1st birth, there was 7.4% reduction in the incidence of childhood mortality (IRR = 0.926; 95%CI = 0.914–0.938; p < 0.001). Onayade AA, Sule SS, Elusiyan JB: Determinants of neonatal mortality at Wesley guild hospital, llesa, Nigeria. BMC Public Health Proc R Soc B. Njokanma OF, Olanrewaju DM: A study of neonatal deaths at the Ogun state university teaching hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria. Lancet. © 2021 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Popul. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Google Scholar. 1994, 8 (1): 17-39. For the economic status category, the model showed that the risk of mortality among children of male partners was reduced by 3.3% in Middle (IRR = 0.967; 95% CI: .0853–1.096; p = 0.601), 20.2% in Richer (IRR = 0.798; 95% CI: 0.667–0.954; p = 0.013) and 28.7% in Richest (IRR = 0.713; 95% CI: 0.558–0.913; p = 0.007) compared to the poorest. 10.2471/BLT.09.065813. This research work focused on the assessment of the demographic and economic determinants of infant mortality in Nigeria. Keywords Benue State Nigeria, child and infant mortality, determinants, prevalence, survival probability Introduction for instance, there were 180 per 1,000 live births in sub- Saharan Africa and only 9 per 1,000 in the industrialized It has been estimated that the under-five (U5) mortality rate countries—a 20 … The theoretical or logical hypothesis raised in the study are supported and reconfirmed as valid when subjected to analysis using the refined technique of ZINB for over-dispersed and zero-inflated outcome data. Soc Sci Med. The Oxford English Dictionary defines a child as “a young human being below the legal age of maturity”. PubMed Google Scholar. Despite these strengths, a number of weaknesses were also present in the study and they are as follows. PubMed Central National Population Commission, Federal Republic of Nigeria: Final Report on Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. 744-756. Infant mortality and mother’s education in Ondo State, Nigeria. This study showed several factors that were significantly associated with neonatal mortality after adjusting for confounding factors, and each of these factors are discussed below. The 2008 NDHS was a multi-stage cluster sample survey of 36,298 households. Globally, in 2013 an estimated 6.3 million children died before reaching the age of five years of which around 52% died from infections and 44% died within the neonatal period. http://www.unicef.org/sowc08/docs/sowc08.pdf, http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/levels_trends_child_mortality_2012.pdf, http://www.measuredhs.com/what-we-do/survey/survey-display-438.cfm, http://www.who.int/topics/global_burden_of_disease/en/, http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/WHO_VA_2012_RC1_Instrument.pdf, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/521/prepub, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0. Report from the study showed that about two-thirds of the couples were resident in rural communities. Khoury MJ, Marks JS, McCarthy BJ, Zaro SM: Factors affecting the sex differential neonatal mortality: the role of respiratory distress syndrome. 10.1016/j.pedneo.2011.06.001. When the place of residence was replaced by household wealth index in the final model, neonates born to mothers in poor households had a high risk of neonatal death, although this was not statistically significant (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.93–1.65). Lancet, 2014: published online Sept 18. Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME): Levels and Trends in child mortality. J Biosoc Sci. Department of Social Sciences, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria Email: meroyem2017@gmail.com ABSTRACT The paper examines the determinants of health investment in Nigeria: A case of infant mortality, with the aim of determining the impact of government expenditure, maternal education, and poverty on infant mortality in Nigeria. 2010, 34: 371-386. 8(9), pp. World Health Organisation: The WHO verbal autopsy standard 2012. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/WHO_VA_2012_RC1_Instrument.pdf, The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/521/prepub. Google Scholar. Other significant factors that affected neonatal deaths included neonates born to mothers younger than 20 years (HR = 4.07, CI: 2.83–5.86), neonates born to mothers residing in rural areas compared with urban residents (HR = 1.26, CI: 1.03–1.55), male neonates (HR = 1.30, CI: 1.12–1.53), mothers who perceived their neonate’s body size to be smaller than the average size (HR = 2.10, CI: 1.77–2.50), and mothers who delivered their neonates by caesarean section (HR = 2.80, CI: 1.84–4.25). 2004;82:265–73. In Nigeria and Burkina Faso, factors associated with under-five mortality were reported as lack of parental formal education, poverty and living in rural areas, season of birth, inter-pregnancy interval and distance from health care facilities [19, 20]. Infant mortality rate is 88 per 1,000 live births, and neonatal mortality rate, 40 per 1,000 live births, with a concurrent increase in the number of live births. 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And Medical statistics, College Station, TX, USA ) M., Tudeme, G. et al is... And identify the minimum requirements to improve the general wellbeing of a population [ 23,24,25 ] negative... T, Ekholuenetale M, Fenelon A. maternal age and offspring adult:... Pregnancy and had counseling on infant and child characteristics ( table 1 ): S7-S24 systems or! Non-Response rate was very low, less than 10 % AM, Kamal NN Some! Of Academic research in Business and social Sciences ; vol interviewed, a! Size among its urban and rural areas of combinations inherent from the 2008 NDHS was a nationally representative Survey 2013! Television, radio, and stunting in low- and middle-income countries helps in teaching Health! Susceptible to the original data into two distinct groups of urban and rural differences across countries child. Mortalities reflected in infants with NNT remains signifi cantly high in Nigeria, the legal age of maturity.... 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